The steering system is one of the core components of vehicle control. With the growing adoption of new energy vehicles, their steering systems—particularly the steering rack—have evolved in both technology and design. These differences stem not only from the change in power source but also from advancements in overall vehicle design philosophy.
1. Different Source of Power Assistance
Traditional internal combustion engine vehicles typically use Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) or Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS), which rely on the engine to drive a hydraulic pump for assistance. In contrast, new energy vehicles widely employ Electric Power Steering (EPS), where an electric motor directly provides steering assist. This eliminates dependence on engine operation, resulting in lighter steering at low speeds and greater stability at high speeds, along with improved energy efficiency.
2.More Compact and Lighter Structure
Since the chassis of new energy vehicles often houses battery packs, the steering system must be designed more compactly. EPS does not require components such as a hydraulic pump, hoses, or fluid reservoir, making the overall structure simpler and lighter. This contributes to improved driving range.
3. Deep Integration with Vehicle Control Systems
New energy vehicles emphasize electrification and intelligence. The steering system is often deeply integrated with the vehicle’s control systems—such as energy recovery and driver-assist functionalities. For example, in certain scenarios, the steering system can coordinate with energy recovery strategies or provide more precise control for automated driving features.
4. Faster Response and Lower Noise
Electric power steering offers quicker response and more direct, linear control. Additionally, since there is no hydraulic pump involved, steering operation is almost free of additional noise and vibration, enhancing cabin quietness and comfort.
5. Higher Reliability and Easier Maintenance
Without the need for hydraulic fluid, electric power steering systems avoid issues such as fluid leaks and pump failures commonly found in traditional systems. This improves reliability and essentially eliminates periodic maintenance, reducing ownership complexity and long-term costs.
Conclusion
The steering racks in new energy vehicles are designed with a stronger emphasis on efficiency, integration, and lightweight construction. The use of electric power assistance not only improves responsiveness and quietness but also aligns better with the electrified and intelligent nature of modern vehicles. While these changes may seem subtle, they represent key technical distinctions between new energy vehicles and traditional fuel-powered cars.